Ductless Mini-Split Systems

A mini-split system is a flexible heating and cooling solution that does not need traditional ductwork to operate. These systems consist of an outdoor compressor unit and one or more indoor air-handling units connected by a small conduit. Mini-split systems are often used in homes without existing ductwork, in room additions, or in spaces where traditional HVAC systems are impractical. Because mini-splits are generally used in targeted zones, they can achieve a degree of temperature control that is difficult to obtain with a central system. And because they use inverter technology, which modulates the compressor speed to the required load, mini-splits can be more efficient than A/C systems that use a fixed-speed compressor.

Mini-split systems move heat between internal and external components using a refrigerant. The external coil—composed of an outdoor unit—serves as a heat exchanger. It can either absorb or release heat depending on the mode of operation (heating or cooling). Meanwhile, the internal coil, found in each zone in which the system is installed, doesn't simply emit conditioned air. It uses a fan to blow the air directly toward the people in the room. The other way it achieves its heightened efficiency is through temperature control.

Several benefits come with using ductless mini-split systems, not the least of which is their high energy efficiency. These units are a good choice for people wanting to reduce their carbon footprint. They also allow for individualized temperature control, which means you can set the conditions to your liking in your specific room, without affecting the other areas of your house. Did I mention that ductless mini-splits are also quiet? If noise is a concern for you with heating and cooling equipment, you should consider using ductless mini-splits.

The price of a ductless mini-split varies with the number of zones, the system capacity, and the installation complexity. For a single-zone solution, you're likely to pay anywhere from $2,000 to $5,000, all told. For a multi-zone system, which operates at a much higher capacity, you'll probably pay more like $5,000 to $10,000, although estimates can go way up from there. One thinks of "the system" when considering cost, but "the system" actually consists of "the outdoor unit" and several "indoor units," which can be strategically placed, again, either at a low or high cost.

Today, many ductless mini-split systems are made to handle both heating and cooling, working well in all kinds of climates. Using heat pump technology, these systems can pull heat from the outside air, even when it's as cold as -15°F. So they're a great choice for the cold parts of the world. Mini-splits are particularly efficient in moderate climates, and the kind of homes many of us inhabit can find them a great primary heat source. Some mini-split models include supplemental electrical heating elements to help out when the weather gets extremely cold.

Ductless mini-split systems have gained a reputation for their efficiency. Most of their models have Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio, or SEER, ratings ranging from about 16 to 22. These systems cool or heat only the spaces that are occupied. For some of us, that’s a bedroom or a living room, and the thing about that is, those are two spots that you really want to keep comfortable. Finally, as far as actual construction and platform, a lot of these systems come in wall-mounted or floor-mounted varieties, and some can be ceiling-mounted.

Routine upkeep for ductless mini-split systems involves cleaning or replacing air filters every several weeks. Indoor units should be wiped down often enough to keep them dust-free so that they may function at a level as close to "optimal" as possible. Professional inspections should occur at least annually to identify any potential issues and to help maintain system efficiency. Outdoor units should stay as clear as possible of all debris and all vegetation—both for the sake of proper airflow and to prevent potentially costly damage.

Adequate care ensures that ductless mini-split systems last around 10 to 15 years. The outdoor compressor unit tends to have a shorter life than the indoor air handlers. Professional periodic servicing guarantees that not only the operational lifespan of the system but also the peak performance lifespan of its parts is extended. Of course, some aspects of the system's longevity, like the use of the system in the first place, are up to the owner, but much of the longevity of a system is determined by the quality of its maintenance and the climate in which it operates.

Individuals with allergies can benefit from ductless mini-split systems because of their advanced multi-stage filtration systems. These filters capture small particles—like dust, pollen, and pet dander—more effectively than any traditional heating and cooling system. Because mini-splits are ductless, there's even less opportunity for dust and allergens to build up and be circulated throughout the home. In fact, some mini-split systems feature air purification technology that even further enhances indoor air quality.

It may be alluring to think about doing it yourself, but getting a pro to do the install is strongly recommended for